Western countries have been suspicious of China’s outburst of development finance in Africa, even urging African nations to reject Chinese funding. With massive infrastructure investment gaps to fill, Africa has had no choice but to seek a liberal development sponsor for its programs. Furthermore, most African governments often avoid the World Bank and IMF, which have strict compliance requirements for their lending facilities.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has put China on a collision course with other world superpowers in the international arena. Can Western nations, however, band together to compete with the BRI?
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